The famous Egyptian queen who had a relationship with Julius Caesar was Cleopatra VII. She was the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt and is well-known for her political acumen and alliances with powerful Roman leaders. Cleopatra and Caesar's partnership aimed to strengthen her position and secure the throne against her brother, Ptolemy XIII. Their relationship produced a son, Caesarion, though it ended with Caesar's assassination in 44 BC. Cleopatra later aligned with Mark Antony, another significant Roman figure, further entrenching her role in the power dynamics of ancient Rome and Egypt.