The famous conqueror known for his empire in modern-day Iran is Alexander the Great. Born in 356 BCE, Alexander was a military genius who expanded his empire through relentless conquests across Asia Minor, Egypt, and Persia. His decisive battles, including those at Gaugamela and Issus, led to the fall of the Persian Empire. Alexander's campaigns not only spread Hellenistic culture throughout these regions but also established trade routes and influenced the cultural landscape of subsequent civilizations, leading to the blending of Eastern and Western cultures.