The famous civil rights leader known for advocating for equality is Martin Luther King Jr. He played a pivotal role in the American civil rights movement, particularly during the 1950s and 1960s. King is best known for his philosophy of nonviolent resistance, inspired by Mahatma Gandhi, and his leadership in landmark events like the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the March on Washington. His iconic "I Have a Dream" speech articulated a vision of racial harmony and equality. King’s efforts contributed significantly to landmark legislation such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, paving the way for progress in civil rights.