Neville Chamberlain was the British prime minister known for his policy of appeasement before World War II. He believed that by making concessions to Adolf Hitler, he could maintain peace in Europe. Chamberlain signed the Munich Agreement in 1938, allowing Germany to annex parts of Czechoslovakia. This strategy was initially supported by many but ultimately proved ineffective, as Germany continued its aggressive expansion. His legacy is often associated with the failure to prevent war, leading to increased criticism after the conflict began. The policy of appeasement is a key topic in discussions about the lead-up to World War II.