The author of the influential "The Wealth of Nations" is Adam Smith, published in 1776. This work laid the groundwork for modern economics and introduced key concepts such as the division of labor, free markets, and the idea of the "invisible hand," which suggests that individuals pursuing their self-interest can lead to economic prosperity for society as a whole. Smith advocated for limited government intervention in markets, arguing that this would foster competition and innovation. His ideas have profoundly influenced economic theory and policy, making him a foundational figure in capitalism and free-market economics.