The rebellion against the Roman Empire in Judea was led by Simon Bar Kokhba in 132-135 CE, during the Bar Kokhba Revolt. This uprising was motivated by a variety of factors, including Roman oppression and the desire for Jewish sovereignty. Bar Kokhba, viewed as a messianic figure by many Jews, aimed to restore a Jewish state and reclaim Jerusalem. Initially successful, the revolt ultimately faced brutal Roman military responses. The empire's overwhelming strength crushed the rebellion, leading to significant loss of life and further dispersion of the Jewish population, and it profoundly affected Jewish-Roman relations for centuries.