The ruler known for the establishment of the Mughal Empire in India during the 16th century is Babur. He founded the empire in 1526 after defeating Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat. Babur combined his military skills with a vision for a powerful empire, establishing a dynasty that would flourish under his descendants, particularly Akbar. The Mughal Empire is noted for its contributions to culture, architecture, and governance, significantly influencing the subcontinent's history.