The rebellion that led to the rise of the Ming dynasty in China was the Red Turban Rebellion, which began in the 1350s. This uprising was driven by widespread dissatisfaction with the Mongol Yuan dynasty due to natural disasters, economic distress, and social unrest. The Red Turbans, a peasant uprising, sought to overthrow the Yuan regime and restore Han Chinese rule. Zhu Yuanzhang, one of its leaders, eventually emerged victorious and founded the Ming dynasty in 1368, marking a significant cultural and political shift. The Ming dynasty is known for its trade expansion, cultural achievements, and construction of the Great Wall, helping to shape China's history significantly during that era.