The famous painter known for his work on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel is Michelangelo Buonarroti. Commissioned in the early 16th century by Pope Julius II, the ceiling features a series of stunning frescoes, including the iconic "Creation of Adam," which depicts the moment God gives life to Adam. Michelangelo's masterful use of color, anatomical precision, and dramatic expressions demonstrated his extraordinary artistic talent and transformed the ceiling into one of the most celebrated works of Western art. His contribution to the Renaissance period continues to influence artists and captivate audiences even today.