The last European country to abandon colonialism in Africa was Portugal, which granted independence to its African colonies in the mid-1970s. The Carnation Revolution in Portugal in 1974 led to a shift in political attitudes toward decolonization, resulting in quickly negotiated independence for several territories, such as Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea-Bissau. This process was often marked by violent conflicts and civil wars, reflecting the complexities of decolonization. Portugal's delayed departure from its colonies contrasted with the earlier independence movements in other African nations, underscoring the varying timelines and experiences of colonial withdrawal across the continent.