The empire known for its impressive cultural and architectural achievements during the Renaissance was the Italian city-states, particularly Florence. The Renaissance, flourishing between the 14th and 17th centuries, marked a period of revival in arts, science, and literature inspired by classical antiquity. Major artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael emerged during this time, creating masterpieces that showcased humanism and naturalism. Architecture also thrived, with structures like the dome of Florence Cathedral and the Palazzo della Signoria exemplifying the era’s innovative design. The Renaissance significantly influenced European culture, leading to advancements that would shape Western civilization for centuries.