The Islamic Golden Age saw significant achievements in mathematics and astronomy, primarily attributed to the Islamic Empire. Scholars like Al-Khwarizmi contributed to algebra and introduced the concept of zero into mathematics. Astronomers, including Al-Battani, improved astronomical tables and calculations, influencing later European science. This era (8th to 14th centuries) was marked by advancements in various fields, fostering a spirit of scientific inquiry and cultural exchange that significantly impacted both Islamic and global intellectual traditions.