The empire known for its artistic achievements during the Renaissance period is the Italian city-states, particularly Florence, under the influence of the Medici family. This period, spanning the 14th to the 17th centuries, saw a flourishing of art, architecture, and literature, with master artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Botticelli producing iconic works. Innovations in perspective, anatomy, and humanism characterized Renaissance art, leading to a profound impact on European culture. The achievements of this era laid the foundations for modern Western art and thought, influencing countless generations thereafter.