The empire that controlled parts of three continents at its height is the Ottoman Empire. Spanning from the late 13th century to the early 20th century, it encompassed parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Renowned for its diverse population and rich cultural heritage, the empire was a major power, influencing trade, politics, and culture across regions. Under leaders like Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottomans expanded their territories, implemented significant administrative reforms, and embraced a religiously diverse society, contributing to advancements in arts, science, and architecture, including the iconic Hagia Sophia.