The center of the Islamic Caliphate during the 7th to 10th centuries was primarily located in the region around modern-day Iraq, particularly in the city of Baghdad. Founded by the Abbasid dynasty in 762 CE, Baghdad became a major cultural, political, and economic hub of the Islamic Golden Age. It was renowned for its impressive architecture, libraries, and advancements in science, mathematics, and philosophy. Scholars from various backgrounds converged in Baghdad, exchanging knowledge and fostering innovations in multiple fields. This period saw the flourishing of Islamic civilization, impacting regions far beyond the Middle East, influencing Europe and beyond.