The Sumerian civilization is credited with the invention of the wheel, which emerged around 3500 BC. This groundbreaking innovation was initially used for pottery making, but its applications were soon adapted for transportation. The wheel significantly transformed trade, agriculture, and mobility, facilitating the movement of goods and people across Mesopotamia. As wheels were applied to vehicles, such as carts and chariots, it revolutionized societal interactions and commerce, fostering the development of more complex societies. The wheel's invention represents a pivotal advancement in human history, demonstrating ingenuity that set the foundation for future technological progress.