The ancient city famously destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD is Pompeii. The catastrophic eruption led to the burial of Pompeii under volcanic ash and pumice, preserving the city remarkably well until its rediscovery in the 18th century. This event trapped residents and everyday life in a snapshot of Roman life, providing crucial archaeological insights into ancient Roman society, culture, and urban planning. The preservation of buildings, artifacts, and even the outlines of human bodies has made Pompeii a vital site for both historical research and tourism.