The main consequences of the Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, included significant territorial changes, reparations imposed on Germany, and the establishment of the League of Nations. The treaty redrew the map of Europe, creating new nations and altering borders, while the harsh reparations and disarmament clauses placed severe economic and military restrictions on Germany. Many historians argue that these punitive measures contributed to political and social instability in Germany, ultimately fostering resentment and the conditions leading to World War II. The League of Nations was established to prevent future conflicts, although its effectiveness was limited, as it struggled to enforce its resolutions.