The effects of the Age of Exploration on indigenous populations were profound and largely detrimental. European explorers, driven by the pursuit of wealth and territorial expansion, frequently encountered native peoples, leading to the establishment of colonies. This resulted in devastating consequences, including the spread of diseases like smallpox, to which indigenous populations had no immunity, causing dramatic population declines. Additionally, many indigenous societies faced cultural disruption, loss of land, and violent confrontations. As European powers imposed their settlements and trade networks, many indigenous traditions, languages, and structures were irreparably altered or lost.