Renaissance art and literature, emerging from the 14th to the 17th centuries, are characterized by an emphasis on humanism, realism, and individual expression. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo focused on the human form, employing techniques such as linear perspective and chiaroscuro to create depth and lifelike representation. Themes often explored classical mythology, religion, and human experience. In literature, figures such as Dante, Petrarch, and Shakespeare showcased a blend of classical traditions and vernacular language, emphasizing personal emotion and experiences. The Renaissance celebrated the potential of humanity, encouraging innovative thinking and creativity, thereby laying the groundwork for many aspects of modern Western culture.