The primary purpose of the Spanish Inquisition, established in 1478, was to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in Spain, particularly after the Reconquista. It aimed to identify converted Jews (conversos) and Muslims (moriscos) who were suspected of continuing their former religious practices secretly. The Inquisition conducted trials that often relied on confession obtained through torture and resulted in severe penalties, including execution. Beyond religious conformity, it also served political goals, consolidating power for the monarchy and reinforcing the authority of the Catholic Church. The Inquisition had a profound impact on Spanish society and culture.