The primary cause of the South American wars of independence during the early 19th century was a combination of political and social factors, primarily the influence of Enlightenment ideas and dissatisfaction with Spanish colonial rule. Inspired by the American Revolution and the French Revolution, many Latin American leaders, such as Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín, sought to liberate their nations from colonial domination. Discontent over social inequalities, economic exploitation, and growing nationalism fueled the desire for independence. These movements ultimately led to the establishment of several independent nations across South America.