The major historical figure known as the "Sun King" is Louis XIV of France. He ruled from 1643 to 1715 and is one of the most prominent monarchs in European history. Louis XIV epitomized the absolute monarchy, famously stating "L'état, c'est moi" ("I am the state"). His reign is characterized by the centralization of power, extensive territorial expansion, and a flourishing of the arts and culture, notably exemplified by the construction of the Palace of Versailles. His policies and centralized control had lasting impacts on French society and the monarchy, setting the stage for future revolutions and changes in governance.