The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, signed in March 1918 between the Central Powers and Soviet Russia, ended Russia’s involvement in World War I. The treaty had significant consequences for Russia, as it ceded large territories, including Ukraine, Belarus, and the Baltic states, to Germany and its allies. The loss of these territories exacerbated economic and social challenges in post-revolutionary Russia. However, the treaty allowed the Bolshevik government to focus on internal issues, ultimately contributing to the consolidation of power by the Communists. The treaty was later invalidated in 1919 after Germany's defeat in the war.