The campaign led by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1963 is known as the Birmingham Campaign. This strategic initiative sought to combat racial segregation and discrimination in Birmingham, Alabama, which was notorious for its harsh treatment of African Americans. The campaign involved peaceful protests, sit-ins, and marches to challenge unjust laws and practices. King's leadership and the participation of various civil rights organizations drew national attention to the struggle for equality and justice. The campaign culminated in widespread demonstrations, leading to negotiations with local officials and ultimately contributing to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which aimed to end segregation.