The legacy of the ancient Athenian democracy lies in its establishment of participatory governance in which citizens had a direct role in decision-making. It introduced concepts such as political equality, civic responsibility, and the rule of law. Although limited to free men, its principles have echoed through history, influencing modern democratic systems across the globe. Athenian democracy also emphasized important cultural developments, fostering philosophical inquiry, arts, and public discourse, which continue to shape societal values and political thought today.