The ancient name of the region now known as Iraq was Mesopotamia, which translates to "between the rivers" (the Tigris and Euphrates). Mesopotamia is often referred to as the cradle of civilization due to its early development of urban society, writing, and governance. The Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians thrived in this region, contributing significantly to advancements in agriculture, law, and trade. The rich alluvial plains supported agriculture, which led to population growth and the establishment of complex societies. Mesopotamia's legacy continues to impact modern civilization, shaping history, culture, and human development.