The major historical period that followed the fall of the Roman Empire in the west is known as the Middle Ages, or Medieval Era. This period, roughly spanning from the 5th to the late 15th century, was characterized by significant social, political, and cultural changes in Europe. Often divided into the early, high, and late Middle Ages, the era saw the rise of feudalism, the spread of Christianity, and the establishment of kingdoms and empires. The Middle Ages also witnessed significant developments in art, architecture, and philosophy, laying the groundwork for the Renaissance and eventually leading to the modern age. The complexities of this period reshaped European history profoundly.