The historical period known for the plague that swept through Europe in the 14th century is called the Black Death. It is estimated to have killed between 25 to 30 million people from 1347 to 1351, accounting for nearly one-third of Europe's population at the time. The plague, believed to be caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, spread rapidly due to trade routes and unsanitary living conditions. The societal impact was profound, leading to labor shortages, economic upheaval, and shifts in power dynamics as surviving workers demanded higher wages. Additionally, the aftermath sparked cultural changes, including a questioning of religious authority and advancement in medical practices.