Gothic architecture contributed significantly to European culture, particularly during the High and Late Middle Ages, roughly from the 12th to the 16th century. Known for its distinctive features like pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses, Gothic architecture transformed the design of cathedrals, churches, and civic buildings. It emphasized verticality and light, creating awe-inspiring spaces that enhanced religious experiences. This architectural style not only reflected the spiritual aspirations of the time but also influenced art, literature, and cultural development, marking a distinct shift from Romanesque architecture and laying the foundations for the Renaissance.