The critical document marking the transition from colonial governance to independence in America was the Declaration of Independence, adopted on July 4, 1776. Drafted primarily by Thomas Jefferson, the Declaration articulated the colonies' grievances against British rule and asserted their right to self-governance. It encapsulated Enlightenment ideas, emphasizing natural rights, liberty, and the concept of government derived from the consent of the governed. This document not only served to unify the colonies in their pursuit of independence but also inspired future democratic movements worldwide. Its legacy remains significant, shaping American identity and the principles on which the nation was founded.