The ancient empire famous for its library and cultural achievements in Alexandria was the Ptolemaic Kingdom, specifically during the Hellenistic period. Founded after the death of Alexander the Great, Alexandria became a major center of learning, culture, and commerce. The Library of Alexandria, one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world, housed countless scrolls and texts containing knowledge from various cultures. Scholars like Euclid and Archimedes flourished there, making significant contributions to mathematics, science, and philosophy. The Ptolemaic dynasty's patronage of arts and sciences established Alexandria as a beacon of intellectual achievement in antiquity.