The ancient civilization that thrived on the banks of the Nile River was Ancient Egypt. This civilization is renowned for its rich cultural achievements, including monumental architecture, art, and religious practices. Among its most famous artifacts are the pyramids, especially the Great Pyramid of Giza, and the tombs of pharaohs filled with intricate hieroglyphics and valuable treasures. Ancient Egyptians developed a sophisticated system of writing known as hieroglyphics and made significant advancements in mathematics and medicine. Their contributions have left a lasting impact on the world and continue to fascinate historians and archaeologists alike.