The ancient civilization known for its pyramids and complex writing system is Ancient Egypt. Renowned for its monumental architecture, including the Pyramids of Giza, Ancient Egypt flourished along the Nile River. The civilization developed a rich culture highlighted by advances in art, science, and governance. The writing system, known as hieroglyphics, used pictorial symbols to represent sounds and ideas, allowing for effective record-keeping and communication. Religion played a significant role in society, with a pantheon of gods and beliefs in the afterlife, as seen in their elaborate burial practices. Ancient Egypt's contributions significantly shaped later civilizations and continue to fascinate scholars.