The hypothalamus plays a key role in hunger regulation by balancing energy intake and energy expenditure. It processes signals related to satiety and hunger, integrating inputs from hormones such as ghrelin and leptin. The hypothalamus responds to various factors, including nutritional status and blood sugar levels, to maintain homeostasis. Dysfunction in hypothalamic regulation can lead to issues such as obesity or anorexia, highlighting its critical role in managing appetite and weight.