Exercises that specifically target core muscles include planks, crunches, and Russian twists. These movements engage the muscles in the abdomen, lower back, and pelvis, promoting stability and strength. Additionally, exercises like bridges and bicycle crunches are effective for ensuring a well-rounded core workout. A strong core is vital for improving posture, enhancing athletic performance, and reducing the risk of injuries across various physical activities, making focused core training essential in a fitness regimen.