Aerobic exercises, like running and swimming, primarily rely on oxygen for energy production, promoting cardiovascular fitness and endurance. In contrast, anaerobic exercises, such as weightlifting and sprinting, utilize short bursts of high-intensity effort without relying on oxygen, developing muscular strength and power. The key distinction lies in the duration of activity and the energy systems used. While aerobic activities improve overall cardiovascular health, anaerobic ones enhance muscle mass and metabolic rate, playing a complementary role in a well-rounded fitness regimen.