Muscle hypertrophy occurs when muscle fibers undergo microscopic damage during resistance training, leading to an adaptive growth response. This process involves the repair of damaged fibers, which become thicker and stronger. Factors contributing to hypertrophy include mechanical tension, muscle damage, and metabolic stress. Adequate protein intake and nutrition further support this growth. Regularly challenging muscles with progressive overload during workouts is vital for stimulating hypertrophy, ultimately enhancing strength and muscle mass over time.