The primary economic focus of the Nile River valley is agriculture. The Nile provides fertile land due to its annual flooding, which deposits nutrient-rich silt along its banks. This has allowed civilizations to thrive for thousands of years. Key crops include cereals, cotton, and various fruits and vegetables, which are essential for local food supply and trade. Additionally, the river supports fishing and tourism activities, contributing to the economy of countries like Egypt and Sudan. The Nile's resources have historically shaped the culture and livelihood of the populations residing in its vicinity.