The individual known for their contributions to the theory of gravity is Sir Isaac Newton. In the 17th century, Newton formulated the law of universal gravitation, which posits that every mass attracts every other mass in the universe, with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. His work provided a mathematical framework to understand gravity and motion, notably articulated in his pivotal work “Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica” published in 1687. Newton's insights laid the groundwork for classical physics, profoundly influencing our understanding of the natural world.