Bones are primarily composed of a matrix known as collagen, which provides flexibility and strength, and hydroxyapatite, a mineral form of calcium phosphate that gives bones their rigidity. This unique composition makes bones durable yet lightweight, allowing for protection of vital organs and support for body structure. The mineralization process enhances bone density, crucial for bearing weight and resisting fractures. Additionally, bones contain cells such as osteoblasts and osteoclasts that are involved in bone formation and resorption, maintaining the balance of bone mass throughout a person's life. This intricate composition is essential for maintaining overall skeletal health.