Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are natural phenomena associated with tectonic plate movements. The Earth’s lithosphere, which consists of several large and small tectonic plates, is in constant motion due to convection currents in the underlying mantle. When these plates interact at their boundaries—either colliding, sliding past one another, or pulling apart—they can trigger earthquakes as accumulated stress is released. Volcanic activity often occurs where plates diverge or converge, allowing magma to escape to the surface. Understanding tectonic activity is crucial for predicting natural disasters and assessing the risks they pose to human communities and ecosystems.