The scientific study of human populations is called demography. This field examines various aspects of populations, including their size, distribution, density, and growth rates, as well as factors that influence these characteristics, such as birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration. Demographers use various statistical tools and models to analyze data and understand trends over time. The insights gained from demographic studies can inform public policy, urban planning, and resource allocation. Furthermore, demography plays a crucial role in sociology, economics, and public health, as it provides a framework for understanding societal changes and challenges.