The largest country by population is China. As of recent estimates, China has a population of over 1.4 billion people, making it home to approximately 18% of the world’s population. Its vast population is a result of a long history of civilization, agricultural advancements, and urbanization. Major cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou are densely populated urban centers that significantly contribute to the country's demographic landscape. In recent years, China's population growth rate has slowed, leading to concerns about an aging population and shifting demographics. Nonetheless, it remains the most populous nation globally.