The common name for the disease caused by a lack of vitamin C is scurvy. This disease is characterized by symptoms such as weakness, anemia, gum disease, and skin issues. Historically, scurvy was prevalent among sailors who did not have access to fresh fruits and vegetables during long sea voyages, leading to vitamin C deficiency. The importance of vitamin C, which is crucial for collagen synthesis and overall immune function, was highlighted by naval surgeon James Lind in the 18th century, who discovered that citrus fruits could prevent this debilitating disease.