The historical document that proclaimed the freedom of American colonists from British rule is the Declaration of Independence. It was adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, asserting the colonies' intention to separate from British control. The Declaration outlined the philosophical justifications for independence, emphasizing the inherent rights of individuals to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Authored primarily by Thomas Jefferson, its principles have had a lasting impact on democracy and human rights movements globally, symbolizing the quest for freedom and self-determination.