A scientist who studies rocks and minerals is known as a geologist. Geologists examine the Earth's crust, investigating the composition, structure, and processes of rocks and minerals to understand Earth's history and dynamics. Their work encompasses various subfields, such as mineralogy, petrology, and stratigraphy, allowing them to interpret geological formations and the environmental conditions that formed them. Geologists also contribute to natural resource management, environmental protection, and the assessment of natural hazards like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Their research is vital for understanding Earth’s processes and addressing issues related to natural resources and environmental changes.