The ancient civilization known for creating a system of writing called cuneiform is the Sumerians. This Mesopotamian civilization developed cuneiform around 3200 BCE, making it one of the earliest known forms of writing. Cuneiform was initially created for recording transactions and trade but eventually evolved to express a variety of concepts, including literature, law, and scientific knowledge. The script was inscribed on clay tablets using a reed stylus, producing wedge-shaped marks that give cuneiform its name. The Sumerians' innovations in writing significantly influenced subsequent cultures and civilizations in the region.