Techniques to improve the clarity and coherence of essays for UPSC include structured planning and effective outlining. Starting with a clear thesis statement defines the main argument, while using topic sentences effectively introduces each paragraph. Transition words and phrases guide the reader through the essay, maintaining a logical flow of ideas. Additionally, employing concise language and avoiding unnecessary jargon enhances readability. Regular practice of writing under timed conditions can build fluency and ensure essays meet word limits. Finally, seeking feedback from peers or mentors can provide insights for improvement and refine writing skills.