Studying techniques to optimize critical reading of complex texts include annotating key passages and summarizing sections in one’s own words. It’s beneficial to break down texts into manageable segments, reviewing each part sequentially while highlighting essential concepts. Engaging with the material through discussions or debates can enhance comprehension and retention. Additionally, employing active reading strategies such as questioning the text and reflecting on its broader implications fosters deeper understanding. Utilizing these techniques amplifies critical thinking, crucial for UPSC subjects characterized by dense material and analytical expectations.